Depressive symptoms not worsened by COVID-19 pandemic (n = 28)

Depressive symptoms worsened by COVID-19 pandemic (n = 74)

P value

Male

8 (28.6%)

15 (20.3%)

0.529

Female

20 (71.4%)

59 (79.7%)

Compared with Pre-COVID-19

GAD-7 same or decrease

18 (64.3%)

42 (56.8%)

0.643

GAD-7 increase

10 (35.7%)

32 (43.2%)

PHQ-9 same or decrease

17 (60.7%)

44 (59.5%)

1.000

PHQ-9 increase

11 (39.3%)

30 (40.5%)

Medications

0.963

Same dosage

22 (78.6%)

56 (75.7%)

Step up or add new medications

6 (21.4%)

18 (24.3%)

Social distancing

<0.001

Absent

6 (21.4%)

2 (2.7%)

Mild

10 (35.7%)

13 (17.6%)

Moderate

10 (35.7%)

32 (43.2%)

Severe

2 (7.1%)

27 (36.5%)

Financial impact

0.413

Decreased income/unemployed

2 (7.1%)

16 (21.6%)

Not affected

26 (92.9%)

58 (78.4%)

Family relationship

0.129

Worsen

4 (14.3%)

27 (36.5%)

Not affected

22 (78.6%)

40 (54.1%)

Improved

2 (7.1%)

7 (9.5%)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

GAD-7 (Pre-COVID-19)

3.93 (3.61)

5.2 (2.82)

0.100

PHQ-9 (Pre-COVID-19)

2.89 (3.12)

3.78 (2.38)

0.179

GAD-7 (Peri-COVID-19)

2.89 (2.56)

5.22 (2.99)

<0.001

PHQ-9 (Peri-COVID-19)

2.46 (2.22)

3.77 (2.41)

0.014

Depressive symptoms worsen by COVID-19

Mean GAD-7 (Pre-COVID-19) 5.20

Mean GAD-7 (Pre-COVID-19) 5.22

0.964

Mean PHQ-9 (Pre-COVID-19) 3.78

Mean PHQ-9 (Pre-COVID-19) 3.77

0.962