Koopman et al., 2004 [43]	n = 15 people with type 2 diabetes; age range 24 to 70 years	Semi-structured interview; thematic analysis using a continuous iterative process	Physicians and patients often misattributed symptoms of diabetes to other causes.
Lawton et al., 2006 [44]	n = 32 Asian people with type 2 diabetes (23 Pakistani, 9 Indian); 15 men; age range 40 to 70 years	Open-ended interviews; analysis based on grounded theory	Patients’ willingness to adhere to physical activity ? barriers included obligations to others and lack of culturally sensitive facilities.
Lawton et al., 2005 [45] (Study 1)	n = 40 patients with type 2 diabetes; 18 men, 22 women; age range 21 to 77 years	3 semi-structured interviews at 6 months intervals; grounded theory	Health services delivery system was influenced how patients perceived their diabetes.
Lawton et al., 2005 [46] (Study 2)	n = 40 patients with type 2 diabetes; 18 men, 22 women; age range 21 - 77 years	3 semi-structured interviews at 6 months intervals; grounded theory	Patients were satisfied with delivery of diabetes support by specialist nurses.
Lawton et al., 2004 [47]	n = 40 patients with type 2 diabetes; 18 men, 22 women; age range 21 - 77 years	3 semi-structured interviews at 6 months intervals; grounded theory	Patients preferred blood glucose monitoring for self-management.
Lawton et al., 2008 [48]	n = 20 people from Scotland with type 2 diabetes; 11 men; age range 40 to 80 years	Semi-structured interview analyzed with grounded theory	Experimental dimension of self-management of diabetes points to the direction of “self-beliefs” and “intentions”.
Macaden and Clarke, 2006 [49]	n = 20 people with type 2 diabetes; four focus groups with “ethnic health development workers”.	Focus group and “individual interview” analyzed with grounded theory	Explored the issues influencing perception of risk among South Asian people with type 2 diabetes. Management perceived as the responsibility of health professionals.
Miller and Brown, 2005 [50]	n = 20 people with diabetes; mean age 65 years (men), 56 years (women).	Semi-structured interview with focus on dietary management	Three type of adaptation to diabetic diet: cohesive, enmeshed, and disengaged.
Moser et al., 2008 [51]	n = 15 people with type 2 diabetes residing in Holland	Qualitative descriptive and exploratory design based on grounded theory	Delineated 4 phases of involved in “identifying with diabetes (comprehending, struggling, evaluating, and mastering).
Moser et al., 2008 [51]	n = 15 people with type 2 diabetes	Semi-structured interviews analyzed with grounded theory	7 categories of autonomy defined, including “identifying with diabetes, shared decision making, self-determination.
Nasmith et al., 2004 [52]	n = 25 in-depth interviews and 3 focus groups with patients; 52% men, 48% women	Interviews and focus groups audiotaped and transcribed; thematic sequential analysis used	Patients perceived benefits in having individualized information and support.
Parry et al., 2006 [53]	n = 40 patients with type 2 diabetes; 18 men, 22 women	3 in depth interviews with over a year; discourse analysis	Patients and physicians both valued access to multidisciplinary team. Patients perceived benefits receiving individualized information and support.
Peel et al., 2005 [54]	n = 40 patients with type 2 diabetes; 18 men, 22 women	3 in depth interviews over a year; discourse analysis	Men perceived diet as a family matter , women considered it as an individual concern.
Polzer and Miles, 2007 [55]	n = 29 African American people with type 2 diabetes; 10 men; age 42 - 73	Semi-structured interviews analyzed using grounded theory	Identified religious beliefs and management was impacted by these beliefs.
Poss et al., 2003 [56]	n = 22 Mexican American patients with type 2 diabetes; 4 men; age 29 - 77	Interviews using Kleinman’s questions to elicit explanatory models; analyzed with grounded theory.	Patients used social networks as a source of support and information about local remedies.
Rayman and Ellisson, 2004 [57]	n = 14 women with type 2 diabetes; age range 25 - 75 years	12 face to face and 2 phone interviews using a guided conversation approach; used grounded theory	Engaging in self-management often resulted in self-blame and negative effect.