Region

Village

Dense shade (DS) location

Sparse shade (SS) location

Foliage season

Flowering season

Fruit season

Foliage

season

Flowering

season

Fruit

season

Kilimanjaro

Lyamungo Kati

1.77a

2.63a

5.00a

1.12a

1.65a

3.15a

Lyamungo Sinde

1.58a

1.98a

2.26a

0.99b

1.24a

1.42a

Lyamungo Kilanya

1.29a

1.5a

1.69a

0.84bc

0.95b

1.07b

Iwa

1.34a

1.50a

1.64a

0.81bc

0.94b

1.04b

Nganjoni

1.08b

1.38a

1.42a

0.68c

0.86b

0.89bc

Nduoni

0.80bc

1.09b

1.21a

0.50c

0.69bc

0.76bc

Ruvuma

Ukuli

0.46c

0.79bc

1.10b

0.29c

0.49c

0.67bc

Kingerikiti

0.38c

0.74bc

0.87bc

0.24c

0.47c

0.55c

Lumecha

0.31c

0.67bc

0.78bc

0.19c

0.42c

0.49c

Ugano

0.22c

0.53c

0.79bc

0.14c

0.34c

0.49c

Myangayanga

0.19c

0.29c

0.55c

0.12c

0.18c

0.35c

Luwaita

0.20c

0.24c

0.39c

0.12c

0.15c

0.25c

Songwe

Mbimba

0.04c

0.26c

0.42c

0.02c

0.17c

0.27c

Nsenga

0.02c

0.18c

0.39c

0.01c

0.11c

0.24c

Iyenga

0.01c

0.08c

0.26c

0.01c

0.04c

0.17c

Kalembo

0.01c

0.06c

0.23c

0.01c

0.04c

0.14c

Ibaba

0.01c

0.05c

0.19c

0.01c

0.03c

0.12c

Shikunga

0.00c

0.01c

0.15c

0.0c

0.0c

0.0c

Grand mean

0.54

0.78

1.07

0.34

0.49

0.67

LSD

0.33

0.37

0.43

0.28

0.31

0.34

p-value

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001