Variable | 2020 | 2023 | % Change | χ2 | d.f | P-value |
Family size(mean) | 5.32 | 4.2 | −1.12 | 66.986 | 4 | 0.000 |
Female headship % | 40 | 34.9 | −5.1 | 0.053 | 1 | 0.819 |
Occupation of the main earners | 8.5 | 6.4 | 2.1 |
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Local businessman % | 20.5 | 31.2 | 10.7 |
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Job holder % | 4.5 | 2.8 | −1.7 |
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Skilled labor % | 10.5 | 16.5 | 6.0 | 76.128 | 7 | 0.000 |
Day laborer % | 15.5 | 21.1 | 5.6 |
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Tempo/rickshaw/van/bus helper % | 10.0 | 3.6 | −6.4 |
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Hawker/Grocery shop % | 25.5 | 8.3 | −17.2 |
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Agriculture % retired person | 5.0 | 10.1 | 5.1 |
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Material of house-cement/brick % | 45 | 40 | 5 |
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Tin % | 30 | 40 | 10 | 24.39 | 2 | 0.000 |
Bamboo % | 25 | 20 | –5 |
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Type of latrine used sanitary % | 45.5 | 56.3 | 10.8 |
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Kacha % | 39.1 | 30.2 | −8.9 | 23.391 | 2 | 0.000 |
Open space % | 15.4 | 13.5 | −1.9 |
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Household owns homestead land % | 67 | 46.8 | −20.2 | 105.52 | 1 | 0.000 |
Own cultivable land % | 20 | 15.6 | −4.4 | 23.767 | 1 | 0.000 |
Own livestock % | 62 | 45.0 | −17 | 105.040 | 1 | 0.000 |
Monthly income up to 10,000% | 2.5 | 5.7 | 3.2 |
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10,000% - 20,000% | 27.5 | 51.1 | 23.6 | 16.80 | 2 | 0.000 |
20,000% - 30,000% | 70.0 | 43.2 | −26.8 |
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