| Outcome | Author | Outcome measure | Univariate | Multivariate | Result | Magnitude of association |
| Depression | Boals et al. 2020 [22] | PHQ-8 | ü | Higher levels of depression at baseline, 3 and 6 months follow up | Baseline rs = 0.67, p < 0.001 3 months rs = 0.72, p < 0.001 6 months rs = 0.79, p < 0.001 | |
|
| Giummarra et al. 2016 [40] | HADS | ü |
| Higher levels of depression | rs = 0.65, p < 0.00001, 95% CI [14.47, 17.28] |
|
| Trost et al. 2015 [36] | PHQ-8 | ü | ü | Higher levels of depression | r = 0.64, p < 0.01 IEQ accounted for 13% of the variance in depression; ΔF = 36.63, p < 0.001 |
| Anxiety | Giummarra et al. 2016 [40] | HADS | ü |
| Higher levels of anxiety | rs = 0.58, p < 0.00001, 95% CI [14.47, 17.28] |
| Pain intensity | Ioannou et al. 2017 [42] | BPI | ü |
| Higher levels of pain intensity | r = 0.56, a = 0.01 ΔR2 = 3.5%, p < 0.001 |
|
| Trost et al. 2015 [36] | NRS 0-10 | ü | ü | Higher levels of pain intensity | r = 0.63, p < 0.01 IEQ accounted for 17% of the variance in pain intensity; ΔF = 46.15, p < 0.001 |
| Pain interference | Ioannou et al. 2017 [42] | BPI | ü | Higher levels of pain interference | r = 0.65, a = 0.01 ΔR2 = 6.0%, p < 0.001 | |
| Zelle et al. 2017 [18] | PCS | - | - | No trends identified | ||
| Quality of life | Trost et al. 2015 [36] | VR-12 | ü | ü | Lower physical QoL in bivariate analysis, no trend in regression analysis , Lower mental QoL in bivariate and regression analysis. | r = −0.41, p < 0.01 IEQ accounted for 1% of the variance in physical quality of life; ΔF = 3.69, p = 0.06 r = −0.60, p < 0.01 IEQ accounted for 19% of the variance in physical quality of life; ΔF = 46.32, p < 0.01 |
|
| Ioannou et al. 2017 [42] | SF-12 | ü |
| Lower QoL levels | Mental function r = −0.39, a = 0.05 Physical function r = −0.56, a = 0.05 ΔR2 = 18.4%, p < 0.001 |
| Return to work status | Giummarra et al. 2016 [40] | RTW status (yes/no) |
| ü | Those with a high perceived injustice (³30) had a decreased likelihood of returning to work, one-year post-trauma | RR = 4.05, 95% CI [3.30 - 11.48], p < 0.0001 |
|
| Ioannou et al. 2017 [42] | RTW status (yes/no) | ü |
| Decreased likelihood of returning to work, one-year post-trauma | Blame/unfairness subscale Median (Q1; Q3) No RTW, N = 73, 13 (5;20) vs RTW N = 302, 4 (0;10), p < 0.001
Severity/irreparability of loss subscale Median (Q1; Q3) No RTW, N = 73, 15 (9;19) vs RTW N = 302, 7 (2;13), p < 0.001 |
| Disability | Ioannou et al. 2017 [42] | RMDQ | ü |
| Higher levels of disability | r = 0.63, a = 0.05 ΔR2 = 7.1%, p < 0.001 |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | Giummarra et al. 2016 [40] | PTSD-Checklist | ü |
| Higher levels of PTSD | rs = 0.65, p < 0.00001, 95% CI [14.47, 17.28] |
| Trost et al. 2015 [36] | PC-PTSD screen/PTSD checklist | ü | ü | Higher levels of PTSD | r = 0.61, p < 0.01 IEQ accounted for 4% of the variance in PTSD; ΔF = 4.28, p = 0.007 | |
| Boals et al. 2020 [22] | PC-PTSD | ü | Higher levels of PTSD at baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow up | Baseline rs = 0.48, p < 0.001 3 months rs = 0.59, p < 0.001 6 months rs = 0.62, p < 0.001 | ||