Fault type

Actual fault

location (km)

Estimated fault location

based on conventional

measurements (km)

Estimated fault location

based on new distance relay

measurements (km)

Line-to-ground fault

(“A” phase-ground fault)

40

40.2

40.2

80

80.8

80.8

120

120.5

120.5

160

162.0

159.3

200

212.8

199.6

240

253.0

240.7

280

305.8

280.1

Line-to-line-to-ground fault

(“A” phase-“B” phase-ground fault)

40

39.7

39.7

80

79.4

79.6

120

119.0

120.0

160

162.1

159.3

200

203.2

199.9

240

245.5

240.7

280

289.5

280.1

Line -to-line-to-line-to-ground fault

(“A” phase-“B” phase-“C” phase-ground fault)

40

39.7

39.70

80

79.4

79.6

120

119.0

119.0

160

162.1

159.3

200

203.2

199.9

240

245.5

240.7

280

289.5

280.1