Construct | Item |
Tactical green marketing orientation (Papadas et al. 2017) | We encourage the use of e-commerce, because it is more eco-friendly. |
We prefer digital communication methods for promoting our products/services, because it is more eco-friendly. | |
We apply a paperless policy in our procurement where possible. | |
We use recycled or reusable materials in our products/services. | |
We absorb the extra cost of an environmental product/service. | |
Strategic green marketing orientation (Papadas et al. 2017) | We invest in low-carbon technologies for our production processes. |
We use specific environmental policy for selecting our partners. | |
We invest in R&D programs in order to create environmentally friendly products/services. | |
We make efforts to use renewable energy sources for our products/services. | |
Among other target markets, we also target to environmentally-conscious consumers. | |
SMEs Performance (Sadiku-dushi et al. 2019) | My firm is usually satisfied with sale growth. |
My firm is usually satisfied with market share growth. | |
My firm is usually satisfied with return on sales. | |
My firm is usually satisfied with net profit margins. | |
My firm is usually satisfied with gross profit margins. | |
Environmental performance (Zhu et al., 2008) | Reduction of air emissions. |
Reduction of effluent waste. | |
Reduction of solid wastes. | |
Decrease in consumption for hazardous/harmful/toxic materials. | |
Decrease in frequency for environmental accidents. |