Herbicide application

Grass weed dry biomass

Main effect

Ratec

Timing

2011

2012

2013

kg∙ha−1

----------------------------- kg∙ha−1----------------------------

Post-harvest herbicides

No herbicide

768 a

1353 a

1298 a

Pendimethalin +

Paraquat

1.12

0.84

Post-harvestd

613 a

1481 a

1037 a

In-crop herbicides

No herbicide

3346 a

6136 a

6916 a

Glyphosate fb

Glyphosate

0.84

0.84

EPOST

LPOST

87 b

970 b

30 b

Pyroxasulfone fb

Glyphosate fb

Glyphosate

0.18

0.84

0.84

PRE

EPOST

LPOST

11 b

268 b

18 b

Pyroxasulfone fb

Glyphosate

0.18

0.84

PRE

LPOST

53 b

701 b

13 b

Pyroxasulfone fb

Glyphosate +

S-metolachlor

0.18

0.84

1.68

PRE

EPOST

EPOST

165 b

155 b

21 b

Pyroxasulfone fb

S-metolachlor +

Fomesafen fb

Clethodim

0.18

1.12

0.27

0.14

PRE

EPOST

EPOST

LPOST

480 b

272 b

9 b