| Herbicide application | Grass weed dry biomass | |||
Main effect | Ratec | Timing | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 |
| kg∙ha−1 |
| ----------------------------- kg∙ha−1---------------------------- | ||
Post-harvest herbicides |
|
|
|
| |
No herbicide |
|
| 768 a | 1353 a | 1298 a |
Pendimethalin + Paraquat | 1.12 0.84 | Post-harvestd
| 613 a | 1481 a | 1037 a |
In-crop herbicides |
|
|
|
|
|
No herbicide |
|
| 3346 a | 6136 a | 6916 a |
Glyphosate fb Glyphosate | 0.84 0.84 | EPOST LPOST | 87 b | 970 b | 30 b |
Pyroxasulfone fb Glyphosate fb Glyphosate | 0.18 0.84 0.84 | PRE EPOST LPOST | 11 b | 268 b | 18 b |
Pyroxasulfone fb Glyphosate | 0.18 0.84 | PRE LPOST | 53 b | 701 b | 13 b |
Pyroxasulfone fb Glyphosate + S-metolachlor | 0.18 0.84 1.68 | PRE EPOST EPOST | 165 b | 155 b | 21 b |
Pyroxasulfone fb S-metolachlor + Fomesafen fb Clethodim | 0.18 1.12 0.27 0.14 | PRE EPOST EPOST LPOST | 480 b | 272 b | 9 b |