| Researchers | Elements | |
| Goals | Process | |
| | shared values & norms | collaboration; focus on learning; reflective dialogue; deprivatization of practice |
| | shared values | collaboration; focus on student learning; reflective dialog; deprivatized practice |
| | shared mission, vision & values | collaborative teams; collective inquiry; action orientation and experimentation; continuous improvement; results orientation |
| | shared values | a focus on student learning; reflective dialogue; action inquiry |
| | shared values & vision | collaboration focused on learning; collective responsibility for pupils’ learning; reflective professional enquiry; mutual trust, respect and support; inclusive membership; openness, networks and partnerships; individual and collective professional learning |
| | a shared goal or vision | teachers’ collaborative efforts and activities toward that goal; supportive conditions including physical, structural and human capacities |
| | shared beliefs, values, & a vision | collective learning; peers sharing; supportive structural conditions; shared and supportive leadership; supportive relational conditions |
| Researchers | Elements | |
| Goals of PLCs | Process of developing and sustaining PLCs | |
| | shared vision or sense of purpose | possession of an appropriate cognitive and skill base; the norms of continuous critical inquiry and continuous improvement; respect and trust among colleagues at the school and network level; supportive leadership and shared leadership practices; a norm of involvement in decision-making; collegial relationships among teachers; a focus upon impact and outcomes for learners |
| | shared goals & values | collective inquiry; shared personal practice; action experimentation; collaborative culture; double-loop learning |
| | shared belief | administrative responsiveness; teachers’ influence in decision-making; the allocation of collaboration time; encouragement of innovation |
| | shared expectations, a common mission & goals, a shared value system | peer collaboration; collective and reflective dialogue; shared practice and peer observations; a climate of trust; shared culture and adult accountability; widespread leadership |
| | a shared sense of purpose & focus | collaborative activity; support and cooperation; shared decision making |
| | shared values & vision | collaboration; collective responsibility; reflective professional enquiry; group, as well as individual, learning |
| |
| collaborative learning capacity; a culture of sharing; Leadership for teacher learning; mutual understanding and support; continuous professional development; student-focused orientation |
| | shared values & vision | collective responsibility |
| | shared vision & values | collective learning and inquiry; shared personal practice; shared and supportive leadership |