Quality characteristics

Multi-batches extraction

I

II

III

IV

Weight (g)

2.9904 ± 0.0807 Da

5.2183 ± 0.0971 C

6.8405 ± 0.0297 B

7.7892 ± 0.1327 A

Extraction yieldb (%)

19.93 ± 0.53 A

17.39 ± 0.33 B

15.20 ± 0.07 C

12.98 ± 0.22 D

Total phenols (mg CAE/g)

186.83 ± 5.03 A

177.25 ± 2.05 A

186.92 ± 8.91 A

180.33 ± 2.53 A

Caffeic acid derivatives (mg/g)

Caftaric acid

20.08 ± 0.20 A

19.19 ± 0.70 AB

18.47 ± 0.32 AB

18.03 ± 1.43 B

Chlorogenic acid

2.92 ± 0.17 A

2.82 ± 0.19 A

2.90 ± 0.08 A

2.71 ± 0.36 A

Caffeic acid

0.48 ± 0.09 A

0.41 ± 0.01 A

0.44 ± 0.04 A

0.42 ± 0.04 A

Echinacoside

1.27 ± 0.25 A

1.17 ± 0.06 A

1.19 ± 0.17 A

1.17 ± 0.12 A

Cichoric acid

70.31 ± 3.54 A

66.76 ± 3.03 A

67.09 ± 0.92 A

63.66 ± 5.32 A

Total caffeic acid derivatives

95.06 ± 4.09 A

90.35 ± 3.73 A

90.09 ± 1.02 A

85.99 ± 7.18 A

Alkamide 8/9c (mg/g)

534.36 ± 40.94 A

459.16 ± 8.57 B

455.42 ± 33.26 B

269.76 ± 8.81 C