Male

total

Female

Total

Project

Normal bone mass

Low bone mass

Osteoporosis

Normal bone mass

Low bone mass

Osteoporosis

N (%)

129 (43%)

88 (29.3%)

83 (27.7%)

300

101 (21.4%)

68 (14.4%)

303 (64.2%)

472

Age (year)

58.22 ± 12.28

60 ± 10.72

60.96 ± 9.71

59.5 ± 11.19

48.42 ± 7.58

53.82 ± 8.82^**

59.08 ± 11.03^**

56.04 ± 10.97

BMD (db/MHz)

67.31 ± 4.60

57.87 ± 1.82^**

48.08 ± 4.82^**

59.22 ± 8.92

66.97 ± 4.09

58.26 ± 1.50^**

49.87 ± 4.61^**

54.74 ± 8.16

BMI (kg/m²)

23.49 ± 3.06

22.64 ± 3.37

21.79 ± 2.92^**

22.78 ± 3.18

24.19 ± 2.81

23.69 ± 3.05

22.46 ± 3.16^**

22.99 ± 3.16

Body fat percentage

17.32 ± 5.97

16.37 ± 6.32

15.83 ± 7.27

16.63 ± 6.46

29.79 ± 6.03

29.55 ± 6.76

27.49 ± 7.25^**

28.28 ± 7.00

Waist circumference (cm)

85.44 ± 9.12

83.77 ± 8.89

82.58 ± 8.73^*

84.16 ± 9.00

82.34 ± 20.62

83.6 ± 11.67

78.81 ± 13.58^*

80.26 ± 15.23

Waist-to-height ratio, WtHR

0.53 ± 0.05

0.52 ± 0.05

0.52 ± 0.05^*

0.53 ± 0.05

0.55 ± 0.13

0.56 ± 0.05

0.57 ± 0.08

0.56 ± 0.09

Visceral fat grade

11.14 ± 3.31

10.55 ± 3.27

10.08 ± 2.89^*

10.67 ± 3.2

5.34 ± 2.19

5.81 ± 2.71

5.37 ± 2.56

5.42 ± 2.51