| | Current service | Military/ civilian Childhood exposure to inter-parental IPV History of physical fight with a woman Age Education Marital status Rank or seniority Current alcohol use Length of relationship | IPV Physical violence Sexual violence Psychological abuse Controlling behaviour | Modified and combined form of Revised Conflict Tactics Scale and WHO standardized questionnaire for the multi-country study on women, health and domestic violence. | N/A | Any form of IPV and adjusted for covariate: Male military personnel were more likely to perpetrate any form of IPV than the civil servants [OR: 1.806 (95% CI: 1.404 - 2.323)]. Among men in civil service, after adjusting for other independent variables, tertiary vs secondary education [OR: 2.029 (95% CI: 1.306 - 3.152), p < 0.01], senior officer vs junior officer [OR: 0.485 (95% CI: 0.318 - 0.739), p < 0.001], childhood exposure to IPV [OR: 1.997 (95% CI: 1.005 - 3.967), p < 0.05], physical fight with a woman [OR: 3.037 (95% CI: 1.361 - 6.779), p < 0.01], and current alcohol use [OR: 1.733 (95% CI: 1.127 - 2.667), p < 0.05] were associated with perpetrating any form of IPV. Among men in military service, after adjusting for other independent variables, senior officer vs junior officer [OR: 2.561 (95% CI: 1.264 - 5.190), p < 0.01], childhood exposure to IPV [OR: 2.905 (95% CI: 1.480 - 5.700), p < 0.01], physical fight with a woman [OR: 2.458 (95% CI: 1.217 - 4.965), p < 0.01], and ≥11 years in relationship [OR: 0.539 (95% CI: 0.315 - 0.921), p < 0.05] were associated with perpetrating any form of IPV. | OR (95% CI) p-value |