Variable | Measurement form (logarithm) | LLC | IPS | ADF | Is it stable |
LnZY | Total export complexity | −0.65046 | 0.78749 | 78.1377 | Nonstationary |
LnHY | High end export complexity | −0.48720 | −0.77390 | 97.4125 | Nonstationary |
LnLMY | Medium and low and end export complexity | −3.33602*** | −1.18119 | 100.702 | Nonstationary |
LnFDI | Foreign investment | −4.69209*** | −1.87711** | 121.548*** | Stationary |
LnHR | Human capital | −4.18126*** | −2.27135** | 112.447** | Stationary |
LnRI | R & D investment | −2.08870** | 0.01033 | 75.6200 | Nonstationary |
LnPLAND | Natural resources | −8.41691*** | −4.05036*** | 170.569*** | Stationary |
LnIM | Import | −2.56873*** | −1.04741 | 103.251* | Nonstationary |
LnPOP | Country size | −10.8615*** | −5.86086*** | 190.155*** | Stationary |
LnAGE | Proportion of old people | −15.7028*** | −5.70713*** | 213.922*** | Stationary |
LnHI | Health investment | −1.88415** | 0.09656 | 95.7137 | Nonstationary |
D (LnZY) | Total export complexity | −5.36595*** | −6.53149*** | 192.551*** | Stationary |
D (LnHY) | High end export complexity | −8.69153*** | −7.84474*** | 211.941*** | Stationary |
D (LnLMY) | Medium and low and end export complexity | −6.11020*** | −6.30930*** | 180.925*** | Stationary |
D (LnRI) | R & D investment | −4.41222*** | −3.49638*** | 130.919*** | Stationary |
D (LnIM) | Import | −8.52523*** | −8.14337*** | 216.796*** | Stationary |