| Unit root tests | Stationarity test | Linear unit root tests | ||||
KSS [6] test | Breitung’s Nonparametric tests | Bierens-Guo trend stationarity test | ADF test (P-values) | PP test (P-values) | |||
t-stat | P-value | Test | Test 1 | Test 2 |
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I. Primary Articles | −1.2217 | 0.1109 | 0.02306 | 15.0308 | 18.0376 |
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(A) Food Articles | −1.3009 | 0.0966 | 0.02270 | 12.6386 | 320.0301 |
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a. Food Grains (Cereals + Pulses) | −1.1968 | 0.1157 | 0.01928 | 81.3126 | 8.3621 |
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a1. Cereals | −1.3373 | 0.0906 | 0.01969 | 58.4972 | 7.8660 |
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Bajra | −2.4044 | 0.0081 | 0.011 | 10.9487 | 5.1238 |
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Barley | −4.0544 | 0 | 0.00601 | 5.6263 | 4.4286 | 0.0140 | 0.0660 |
Jowar | −3.0431 | 0.0012 | 0.01156 | 12.1872 | 4.7419 | 0.0330 | 0.1130 |
Maize | −1.9227 | 0.0273 | 0.01721 | 10.6492 | 35.6181 |
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Ragi | 0.2056 | 0.5814 | 0.01682 | 20.7885 | 27.8504 |
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Rice | −1.0113 | 0.1559 | 0.02048 | 46.7035 | 9.8390 |
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Wheat | −2.6879 | 0.0036 | 0.01154 | 15.9270 | 2.4595 | 0.0240 | 0.3090 |
a2. Pulses | −2.3255 | 0.01 | 0.01253 | 58.2514 | 5.0629 | 0.0340 | 0.4430 |
Arhar | −2.3499 | 0.0094 | 0.00911 | 11.0468 | 2.6705 |
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Gram | −1.9827 | 0.0237 | 0.00695 | 29.0935 | 4.1062 |
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Masur | −2.0709 | 0.0192 | 0.00724 | 0.0652 | 0.0081 | 0.0110 | 0.3450 |
Moong | −2.3184 | 0.0102 | 0.01037 | 29.3658 | 5.1612 |
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Urad | −2.0618 | 0.0196 | 0.01007 | 56.9594 | 6.2944 | 0.0020 | 0.3390 |
b. Fruits & Vegetables | −0.877 | 0.1903 | 0.00643 | 1.0652 | 1.5593 | 0.1460 | 0.0000 |
b1. Fruits | −1.6928 | 0.0453 | 0.00789 | 2.4234 | 0.9268 | 0.1370 | 0.0140 |
Banana | −4.4858 | 0 | 0.00337 | 1.6146 | 0.7806 | 0.1430 | 0.0010 |
Coconut (Fresh) | −2.6094 | 0.0045 | 0.00495 | 1.4329 | 0.2060 |
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Cashew Nut | −2.3931 | 0.0084 | 0.01538 | 23.0630 | 8.8511 | 0.7903 | 0.5950 |
Guava | −2.4503 | 0.0071 | 0.00895 | 3.6137 | 23.6053 |
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Orange | −2.6083 | 0.0045 | 0.00991 | 5.5784 | 3.0918 |
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Papaya | −3.4567 | 0.0003 | 0.00239 | 0.6742 | 2.3274 |
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Pineapple | −2.323 | 0.0101 | 0.01367 | 3.5740 | 3.0414 |
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b2. Vegetables | −7.0736 | 0 | 0.00221 | 0.8718 | 7.6562 |
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Brinjal | −7.0445 | 0 | 0.00155 | 0.6264 | 1.0506 |
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Cabbage | −6.9899 | 0 | 0.00315 | 2.1872 | 3.8007 | 0.0710 | 0.0050 |
Ginger (Fresh) | −2.788 | 0.0027 | 0.00547 | 1.7442 | 26.4015 |
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Okra (Lady Finger) | −4.8037 | 0 | 0.00667 | 2.3131 | 19.6967 |
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Onion | −7.4017 | 0 | 0.00093 | 0.4111 | 1.2879 |
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Potato | −5.9301 | 0 | 0.00177 | 0.7280 | 1.3519 |
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Sweet Potato | −5.5793 | 0 | 0.00091 | 0.3976 | 0.5084 |
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Tapioca | −2.5551 | 0.0053 | 0.01241 | 10.4595 | 4.1937 |
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