|
| Author(s) | Affiliation(s) |
| I) | Deterrent effect |
|
|
| Brumm and Cloninger [71] | Economics |
|
| Chressanthis [72] | Economics |
|
| Cloninger [73] [74] | Economics |
|
| Cloninger and Marchesini [75] [76] | Economics |
|
| Dezhbakhsh. and Rubin [77] | Economics |
|
| Dezhbakhsh and Shepherd [18] | Economics |
|
| Dezhbakhsh. Rubin and Shepherd [39] | Economics |
|
| Ehrlich [1] [78] [79] | Economics |
|
| Ehrlich, and Liu [80] | Economics |
|
| Fajnzylber, Lederman and Loayza [81] | Economics |
|
| Land, Teske and Zeng [82] [83] | Sociology, Criminal Justice |
|
| Layson [7] [48] [84] | Economics |
|
| Liu [63] | Economics |
|
| Merriman [85] | Economics |
|
| Mocan Gittings [28] [86] | Economics |
|
| Phillips and Hensley [87] | Sociology, Psychology |
|
| Shepherd [30] [38] | Economics |
|
| Stack [88] - [91] | Sociology |
|
| Wolp in [9] | Economics |
|
| Yang and Lester [92] | Economics, Psychology |
|
| Yunker [93] [94] | Economics |
|
| Zimmerman [61] [95] [96] | Economics |
| II) | No deterrent effect |
|
|
| Albert [97] | Law |
|
| Archer Gartner and Marc [98] | Sociology |
|
| Avio [6] [51] | Economics |
|
| Bailey [99] - [112] | Sociology |
|
| Bailey and Lott [113] | Sociology |
|
| Baileyand Petersen [114] [115] | Sociology |
|
| Bechdolt [116] | Economics |
|
| Blackand Orsagh [117] | Economics |
|
| Bowers and Pierce [24] [118] | Sociology |
|
| Boyes and McPheters [119] | Economics |
|
| Cheatwood [120] | Sociology |
|
| Decker and Kohfeld [121] - [123] | Sociology, Criminal Justice |
|
| Dills, Miron and Summers [65] | Economics |
|
| Donohue and Wolfers [19] | Law, Economics |