Algorithm

Parameter

Value

BBO

・ Minimum wormhole existence probability

0.2

・ Maximum wormhole existence probability

1

GA

・ Crossover probability

0.9

・ Mutation probability

0.1

・ Selection mechanisim

Stochastic universal sampling

PSO

・ Acceleration constants

[2.1,2.1]

・ Intertia weights

[0.9,0.6]

DE

・ Crossover probability

0.9

・ Differential weight

0.5

ACO

・ Initial pheromone (τ)

1e-06

・ Pheromone update constant (Q)

20

・ Pheromone constant (q)

1

・ Global pheromone decay rate ()

0.9

・ Local pheromone decay rate ()

0.5

・ Pheromone sensitivity (α)

1

・ Visibility sensitivity (β)

5