Approaches

Features

Data Model

Abstraction Level

Concepts

Concrete

Languages

Modeling

Tools

DB Tools

Support

Operational

Entity-

Relationship Model

Conceptual, Logical

Entity

Relationship

Attribute

Primary Key

Foreign Key

Chen’s, Crow’s foot, Bachman’s, Barker’s, IDEF1X

Sparx Enterprise Architect,

Visual Paradigm,

Oracle Designer, MySQL Workbench,

ER/Studio

Relational Model

Logical, Physical

Table

Row

Attribute

Primary Key

Foreign Key,

View,

Index

SQL-DDL, UML Data Profile

Sparx Enterprise Architect,

Visual Paradigm,

Oracle Designer, MySQL Workbench,

ER/Studio

Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL,

PostgreSQL,

IBM DB2

Decision Support

OLAP

Cube

Conceptual, Logical

Dimensions, Levels, Cube faces, Time dimension,

Local dimension

Common Warehouse Metamodel

Essbase Studio Tool,

Enterprise Architect,

Visual Paradigm

Oracle Warehouse Builder, Essbase Studio Tool,

Microsoft Analysis Services

Star

Schema

Logical, Physical

Fact table, Attributes table, Dimensions,

Foreign Key

SQL-DDL, DML, UML Data Model Profile, UML Profile for Modeling Data Warehouse Usage

Enterprise Architect,

Visual Paradigm,

Oracle SQL Data Modeler

Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL,

PostgreSQL,

IBM DB2

Big Data

Key-Value

Logical, Physical

Key,

Value

SQL-DDL,

Dynamo Query Language

Dynamo,

Voldemort

Document

Logical, Physical

Document,

Primary Key

SQL-DDL, Javascript

MongoDB,

CounchDB

Wide-Column

Logical, Physical

Keyspace, Table, Column,

Column Family,

Super Column, Primary Key,

Index

CQL, Groovy

Cassandra,

HBase

Graph

Logical, Physical

Node,

Edge,

Property

Cypher Query Language, SPARQL

Neo4j,

AllegroGraph