| Biochemical | Function |
| cytokines | Broad category of signaling proteins that regulate and recruit immune cells |
| Substance P | Neurotransmitter that increases pain sensitivity |
| chemokines | Subcategory of chemokines that recruit leukocytes during the inflammatory response |
| histamine | Released by mast cells of immune system to dilate blood vessels, leading to swelling and inflammation |
| TNF-α | Inflammatory marker produced by immune cells |
| Beta-endorphins | Class of endogenous opioids naturally produced by the body that bind to pain-relieving receptors in the nervous system |
| Interleukin-6 (IL-6) | Anti-inflammatory myokine |
| endocannabinoids | Lipid compounds synthesized naturally by the body that mediate pain perception and relief. |
| THC | Active chemical in cannabinoids that bind to CB1 and CB2 receptors leading to pain relief |