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| GIS enhances the understanding of the problems | Understanding |
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| GIS enables timely problem recognition | Awareness | ||
| [17] [61] [73] [74] | The GIS helps the organization save cost in information production and provision | Efficiency | Net Benefits to Organization |
| The GIS increases the organization profitability | |||
| The GIS improves the organization’s competitive position | Effectiveness | ||
| The GIS helps the organization to achieve its goal | |||
| The GIS enables a new range of output (maps, tables, lists, etc.) | |||
| The GIS provides the organization with better motivated workforce | |||
| The GIS improves information sharing and flows to management and between departments | |||
| The GIS reduces risk in the decision making process | |||
| [18] [19] [28] [29] [72] [79] | The GIS provide equal availability of information to citizens when needed and equal ease of access | Social Justice | Net Benefits to Society |
| The GIS enables participation by public in decision process (Enhancement of principles of a democratic society) | Participation | ||
| Using the GIS improves the standard of health and safety in the society | Quality of Life | ||
| Using the GIS increases the economic benefits to the society | |||
| The GIS provides better service to public/citizens |