| Demographics |
|
| Child | Age, sex, and with whom the child lived at time of interview |
| Mother | Ethnicity, religion, years of schooling, literacy, and age |
| Household | Housing construction and assets ownership, number of other children in the family, and small and large livestock ownership |
| Community | Travel time to the nearest market and health facility |
| Behavioral constructs | Knowledge, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control related to WASH Beliefs about the impact of the child ingesting soil or feces |
| Knowledge index | 7-item index for the mother knowing when to wash her own hands 1) After latrine use 2) After assisting a child who has defecated 3) Before preparing food 4) Before eating food 5) Before feeding the child 6) After cleaning the compound, and 7) After contact with animal feces 4-item index for the mother knowing when to wash the child’s hands 1) After a nappy change or toilet use 2) After playing in the yard 3) Before feeding\eating time, and 4) When hands are visibly dirty Mother knew water and soap are needed to wash hands |
| Beliefs | Whether the mother believed the baby’s hands did not need to be washed |
| Social norms | Whether the mother thought female friends washed their hands after cleaning the baby’s bottom |
| Perceived behavioral control | Whether the mother felt able to keep the child out of the dirt |
| Beliefs | 11 questions on the potential impact of ingesting soil or feces on the child’s health (phrased in both the positive and negative) 1) Helps baby’s immunity 2) Helps baby’s gut/intestines 3) Makes baby strong 4) Makes baby grow poorly 5) Makes baby’s brain develop poorly 6) Causes stomach ache 7) Causes diarrhea/illness 8) Causes worms 9) Causes baby to bite me/others 10) Causes baby to lose his/her teeth, and 11) It does nothing to baby’s health. |
| WASH access | Whether the family could afford to buy soap Access to a handwashing station Toilet shared among community members |
| Hygiene practices | 1) Whether the caregiver cleaned her own hands after cleaning the baby’s bottom 2) Whether the caregiver was able to show where s/he and other family members most often washed their own hands (the proxy used globally to gauge handwashing, as opposed to self-report) |
| Sanitation and environmental cleaning practices | Whether the infant or child’s feces were disposed of in a safe place per the World Health Organization (child uses toilet/latrine, feces are put/rinsed in the toilet/latrine, or buried. See Bawankule et al. 2017 [21] . Conversely, unsafe disposal of stools includes putting/rinsing children’s feces in a drain/ditch, throwing them in the garbage, or left in the open Whether the mother had seen the child eat soil in the previous month 5-item spot sanitation check 1) Area around house is swept 2) Floor inside the house is swept 3) Compound has livestock enclosures 4) No rubbish in the compound, and 5) Whether the inside of the house was clean |