Case

Deflection (≠ characteristic deflection)

Ratio to “with guardrail” case

1

−2.89 × 10⁻⁶ m

2

−3.00 × 10⁻⁶ m

1.04 (4% increase)

3

−3.29 × 10⁻⁶ m

4

−3.47 × 10⁻⁶ m

1.05 (5% increase)