(a) | ||||||||
basic operation | Age | concrete operations | Time | characteristic | Histological change | |||
Under echocardiographic guidance, a spring guidewire was implanted into the left ventricle of mice through the right common carotid artery, resulting in aortic valve injury. | 8 - 10 weeks age | The spring-loaded wire (0.36 mm diameter) is inserted into the artery by bending it at an angle of 15˚, with the tip of the wire on the left ventricular side of the valve. The valve is incised 20 times and rotated 50 times with the body of the wire. | 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks | significant hemodynamic stenosis and heart failure The mortality of mice with aortic valve injury within 4 weeks ≈ 20% | Ostochondroid changes, calcification, collagen deposition, neovascularization | |||
(b) | ||||||||
basic operation | concrete operations | Aortic valve blood flow peak velocity | Death rate caused by AI | Calcium deposits | Histological change | |||
Mild and moderate injuries - straight guidewire; severe injuries - conventional guidewire with 15˚ angled tip; echocardiographically guided guidewire insertion into the left ventricle Advance the guidewire into the left ventricular apex and withdraw it into the left ventricular outlet just below the level of the aortic valve. (4 - 5 mm amplitude). The wire then rotates across the valve at a rate of two rotations per second. | (1) Mild (tip guide wire): pushed back and forth 20 times, rotate 50 times | No significant change | Not know | No | Not know | |||
(2) Medium (tip guide wire): push back and forth 50 times, rotate 100 times | increased after 1 week, stabilized after 4 weeks | 11.25% mild | No | Valve thickening, inflammation, fibrosis, no obvious calcification | ||||
(3) Severe (wire with 15˚ angled tip): pushed back and forth 20 times, rotate 200 times | increased after 1 week, continued to increase after 4 weeks | 50%, 18.75% moderate | After 8 weeks | Valve thickening, inflammation, fibrosis and calcification were obvious | ||||