animal model

Gene and inciting factors

Feeding patterns

Time

age/weight

Mice

C57Bl/6J mice [41]

LDLr-/-

HF/HC (59% of calories are high in palmitic acid, no cholesterol)

2 - 4 months

20 to 25 g

C57BL/6 background mice [39]

LDLr-/-ApoB100/100

normal chow

mean 20.1 months

17 to 22 months

C57BL/6 background mice [135]

LDLr (-/-)/ApoB (100/100)/IGF-II

diet high in fat (55%), sucrose (28%) and cholesterol (0.2%)

6 months

12 weeks

C57BL/6Jbackground mice [38]

ApoE-/-; age

normal chow

≥43 weeks

≥43 weeks

C57BL/6 background mice [136]

ApoE-/-

0.2% high cholesterol diet

24 weeks

6 - 8 weeks

C57BL/6Jbackground mice [137]

apoE-/-

atherogenic diet (42% milk fat,0.2% total cholesterol)

20 weeks

30 weeks

C57BL/6Jbackground mice [138]

apoE-/-

an atherogenic diet (15% fat,1.25% cholesterol)

8 weeks

8 weeks

C57BL/6Jbackground mice [139]

Lrp5-/-/ApoE-/-

a 0.2% cholesterol (w/w) diet

23 weeks

6 - 8 weeks

Adult waved-2 mice [140]

C57BL/6JEgfrWa2/Wa2

65.7% lipids, 19.5% carbohydrate, and 4.5% cholesterol, Subcutaneous injection three times weekly 16,000 IU/g vita-minD3

6 or 9 months

1.5 months of age

Rabbit

Normal New Zealand White rabbits [141]

no

2% cholesterol (w/w) added to soybean oil (10% w/w)

29 days

2.5 kg, 8 weeks old

Male New Zealand White rabbits [31]

no

diet supplemented with 1.0% (wt/wt) cholesterol

8 weeks

2.5 to 3.0 kg

male New Zealand White rabbits [49]

no

fed with 0.5% cholesterol enriched chow plus 50,000 IU/day vitamin D2 in drinking water.

12 weeks

2 to 2.5 kg

male New Zealand white rabbits [142]

no

fed 0.5% cholesterol-enriched chow plus 25,000 IU/day vitamin D2

12 weeks

2.5 to 3.0 kg

male New Zealand White rabbits [143]

no

Place on vitamin D-enriched atherogenic diet (purified rabbit chow supple-mented with 0.5% cholesterol and 10,000 IU/day vitamin D)

3 weeks + 4 weeks

3 months/3.7 ± 0.2 kg

Swine

male swine [17]

no

an isocaloric diet high in fat (12%) and cholesterol (1.5%)

2 week or 6 months

6 months

Gene + HCVD diet

Notch1 and RBPJk targeted mutant mice [144]

Notch1 and RBPJk targeted mutant

The HCVD diet

16 weeks

8 - 10 weeks