| Groups | cases | Average use of dexmedetomidine (microgram) within 48 hours | Average use of butorphanol within 48 hours (mg) | Total occurrence of adverse events (Times) | Compound use of other opioid analgesics (Times) |
| control group | 60 | 3550 | / | 56 | 12 |
| test group | 60 | 2460 | 14.6 | 19 | 0 |