Transfection of RNAip against REST1.	Adult human bone marrow	CMM was transfected with a lentiviral vector containing an IpRNA directed against REST1.	14 days	80% demonstrated by morphological changes of neuronal nature	Neuronal morphology was observed under a microscope. Expression of Novo NSE, BDNF, NGN1, SYP, and SCG10 by RT-PCR. Immunostaining for β-tubulin III, NF-200, MAP-2, and NSE. Presence of Nissl bodies by toluidine blue staining.	Presence of Na⁺ currents, which can be blocked with TTX, and generation of spontaneous action potentials demonstrated by Patch clamp	[100]
Exogenous expression of the LMX1b factor in the presence of FGF-2, FGF-8, and SHH	Adult human bone marrow	CMM was transfected with a lentiviral vector containing the sequence of the LMX1a gene under the cytomegalovirus promoter before induction with 20 ng/ml of FGF-2, 100 ng/ml FGF-8, and 1.7 nM Shh.	21 days	90% demonstrated by positive immunofluorescence for Tuj1.	Neuronal morphology was observed under a microscope. Increased expression of Sox2, MSX1, NGN2, hASG1, En1, and Pitx3 and VMAT2 by RT-PCR. Immunostaining for MSX1, En1, Pitx3, Tuj1, synaptotagmine1, MAP2, synapsin, TH, and VMAT2. Presence of TH by WB.	Dopamine secretion is independent of depolarization and increased in the presence of KCl demonstrated by HPLC.	[101]
Ectopic expression of LMX1a and neurturin in the presence of β-Me, RA, bFGF, FGF-8, and Shh	Human umbilical cord Fetal	The CMMs were transfected with lentiviral vectors containing the sequences of the Lmx1α and NTN genes, before their pre-induction with β-Me and bFGF for 24 h with subsequent exposure to Shh, FGF8, and RA.	21 days	70% demonstrated by morphological changes of neuronal nature.	Neuronal morphology was observed under a microscope. Increased expression of TH, Msx-1, Nestin, MAP-2, Lmx1β, Foxα2, Pitx3, DAT, β-tubulin III, Nurr1, and EN1 by RT-PCR. Immunostaining for NSE, MAP-2, β-tubulin III, and TH.	No	[102]
Transfection with ip RNA against Caveolin 1 and exposure to β-Me	Adult Wistar rat bone marrow	The CMM were transfected with ip RNA against caveolin 1, before pre-induction with β-M 1 mM 24 h by and subsequent induction with β-Me 10 mM.	6 days	55% demonstrated by morphological changes of neuronal nature.	Neuronal morphology was observed under a microscope. Increased expression of MAP2 and NSE by RT-PCR. Immunostaining for MAP2 and NSE.	No	[123]