| Inductor | Origin of CMMs | Steps | Time | Percentage of differentiation reported | Technique used to demonstrate differentiation | Functionality demonstration | Reference |
| Coculture in medium conditioned by neurons of Sprague-Dawley rats. | Fetal human umbilical cord | The MSCs were grown in a DMEM medium conditioned by neurons extracted from the brains of seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. | 12 days | 87.4% and 58.2% were demonstrated by positive immunofluorescence for NF and NeuN, respectively. | Neuronal morphology was observed under a microscope. Immunostaining for NeuN, NF, GFAP, OX42, parvalbumin, and calbindin. Presence of GluR6, GluR7, and KA2 by WB and RT-PCR. | Generation of input currents in response to a 1mM glutamate bath demonstrated by Patch-clamp. | [90]
|
| Culture in medium conditioned by neurons of rats Sprague-Dawley, Shh, and FGF8 | Human umbilical cord | The MSCs were grown in a DMEM medium conditioned by neurons extracted from the brains of seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats born for 9 days. Subsequently, Shh 500 ng/ml and FGF8 100 ng/ml were added. | 6 days | 87.4% and 58.2% were demonstrated by positive immunofluorescence for NF and NeuN, respectively.
| Neuronal morphology was observed under a microscope. Immunostaining for TH and GAD. Presence of TH by WB. | Release of dopamine to the medium demonstrated by HPLC. | [91]
|
| Coculture with Schwann cells | The bone marrow of adult Wistar rat. | CMM and Schwann cells extracted from the sciatic nerve of adult Wistar rats were co-cultured. | 2 weeks | 60%, 52%, and 34% demonstrated by positive immunofluorescence for NSE, NF-200, and Tuj1, respectively | Neuronal morphology was observed under a microscope. Immunostaining for nestin, NF-200, and Tuj1.
| No | [92]
|
| Coculture with Schwann cells | The bone marrow of adult Wistar rat. | CMM and Schwann cells extracted from the sciatic nerve of adult Wistar rats were co-cultured in transwell culture plates with polycarbonate membrane. | 2 weeks | 48.2%, 46.2% and 27.4% demonstrated by positive immunofluorescence for NF-200, Tuj1, and GFAP, respectively. | Neuronal morphology was observed under a microscope. Immunostaining for nestin, NF-200, Tuj1, and GFAP. Increased expression nestin, Tuj1, and GFAP by RT-PCR. | No | [93]
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