Comparison variable

Object of study

2008 Group mean

2012 Group mean

T-value**

P-value

V.1. ICTs are notably changing the structure of the tourism distribution system.

Changes in the structure of the tourism sector

α (2008) = 0.689

α (2012) = 0.588

8.83 (1.70)

8.77 (1.86)

0.253**

0.801

V.2. ICTs facilitate access by intermediaries to current and potential customers.

8.71 (1.92)

8.50 (1.91)

0.742**

0.459

V.3. ICTs increase vertical relationships.

8.52 (2.02)

8.32 (1.65)

0.721**

0.472

V.4. ICTs increase horizontal relationships.

8.11 (2.21)

7.87 (2.08)

0.759**

0.452

V.5. ICTs are substantially altering the power position of the various participants in the industry and their share in the value chain.

Changes in the power of operators

α (2008) = 0.553

α (2012) = 0.618

8.73 (1.71)

8.45 (1.86)

1.168**

0.244

V.6. ICTs allow greater participation by the end consumer in the different production-marketing phases of the tourism product, which alters the role of the different participants in the value chain.

8.83 (1.63)

8.53 (1.78)

1.255**

0.211

V.7. In a scenario of extensive use of ICTs, the most important factor for improving the power position of any participant in the channel is the control and handling of information.

8.84 (2.09)

8.31 (1.53)

1.937**

0.054

V.8. ICTs favour strategic alliances between companies.

8.51 (1.75)

8.12 (2.11)

1.399**

0.164

V.9. ICTs allow a supplier to jump to traditional intermediaries (TA, TO).

8.63 (2.21)

8.54 (1.83)

0.298**

0.766

V.10. ICTs are changing the production processes and the products of the tourism sector.

Changes in tourism production processes and products

α (2008) = 0.789

α (2012) = 0.791

8.24 (2.17)

8.21 (1.88)

0.125**

0.901

V.11. Information is the most important component for creating value.

9.45 (1.71)

8.43 (1.86)

3.958

0.000

V.12. ICTs make it possible to integrate services with the end consumer.

8.48 (2.22)

8.13 (1.89)

1.143**

0.254

V.13. With the same service quality, ICTs have decreased production and distribution costs (efficiency).

6.82 (2.75)

8.43 (1.53)

−4.791

0.000

V.14. ICTs provide a higher-quality tourism product.

5.63 (2.63)

7.86 (2.15)

−6.255

0.000

V.15. ICTs facilitate the creation of more flexible products, which can be adapted to segments and individualised.

7.94 (2.41)

8.57 (2.02)

−1.907**

0.058

V.16. ICTs emphasise innovation in the sector.

7.92 (2.21)

9.23 (1.59)

−4.504

0.000

V.17. ICTs facilitate the adoption of the best and good practices in the industry.

6.41 (2.56)

8.14 (1.79)

−5.099

0.000

V.18. ICTs facilitate the production of global tourism products.

8.57 (2.18)

8.68 (1.65)

−0.366**

0.715