Phubbing only

(n = 69)

M (SD)

Giving an important reason (n = 66)

M (SD)

Giving an unimportant reason (n = 61)

M (SD)

Asking for permission (n = 63)

M (SD)

Holding eye contact (n = 65)

M (SD)

Person evaluation

2.43 (0.68)

2.97 (0.85)

2.55 (0.84)

2.57 (0.86)

2.47 (0.80)

Perceived relationship quality

2.61 (0.78)

3.17 (0.79)

2.70 (0.86)

2.92 (0.85)

2.74 (0.78)

Expectancy violation

3.06 (0.76)

2.76 (1.07)

3.04 (0.78)

3.12 (0.86)

2.80 (0.83)

Ostracism

3.19 (0.91)

2.68 (1.16)

3.21 (0.94)

3.20 (0.92)

3.00 (0.95)