Whole sample

(N = 302)

Before COVID-19 lockdown (n = 116)

During COVID-19 lockdown (n = 186)

Differences

M (SD) or %

Mdn

S-W

M (SD) or %

Mdn

S-W

M (SD) or %

Mdn

S-W

z, t, or χ²

p

d or V

Age

34.5 (14.5)

25

<0.001

29.6 (12.7)

23

<0.001

37.6 (14.8)

44

<0.001

4.94

<0.001

0.57

Gender (% women)

64.1%

61.7%

65.9%

0.54

n.s.

0.04

Education (% high school)

61.3%

56.0%

64.5%

2.16

n.s.

0.08

Migration background

12.1%

15.8%

9.8%

2.39

n.s.

0.09

Parenthood

45.5%

36.2%

51.3%

6.59

0.010

0.15

Currently living in couple

65.8%

62.9%

67.6%

0.68

n.s.

0.05

Illness requiring treatment

34.8%

34.9%

34.8%

<0.001

n.s.

0.001

Past hospitalization

86.1%

85.2%

86.6%

0.11

n.s.

0.02

Past psychiatric hospitalization

7.0%

9.5%

5.4%

1.82

n.s.

0.08

Past psychiatric treatment

20.2%

20.7%

19.9%

0.03

n.s.

0.01

Current psychopharmacology

4.0%

6.0%

2.7%

2.04

n.s.

0.08

BFI-neuroticism*

2.86 (0.65)

3.0

n.s.

2.83 (0.66)

3.0

n.s.

2.89 (0.65)

3.0

n.s.

0.75

n.s.

0.09

BFI-extraversion*

3.20 (0.72)

3.0

n.s.

3.21 (0.76)

3.0

n.s.

3.19 (0.70)

3.0

n.s.

0.15

n.s.

0.02

BFI-openness*

3.16 (0.74)

3.5

0.001

3.11 (0.73)

3.2

n.s.

3.20 (0.75)

3.2

0.004

1.03

n.s.

0.12

BFI-agreeableness*

3.43 (0.74)

3.2

n.s.

3.40 (0.74)

3.5

n.s.

3.44 (0.62)

3.5

n.s.

0.48

n.s.

0.06

BFI-consciousness*

3.07 (0.65)

3.0

n.s.

2.95 (0.64)

2.9

n.s.

3.14 (0.65)

3.1

n.s.

2.39

0.017

0.28

Internal attribution style**

7.94 (1.44)

8.0

<0.001

8.10 (1.24)

8.0

<0. 001

7.84 (1.55)

8.0

<0.001

1.02

n.s.

0.18

External attribution style**

4.72 (1.46)

5.0

0.001

4.89 (1.49)

5.0

0.038

4.62 (1.44)

5.0

0.001

1.16

n.s.

0.18

Self-efficacy*

17.6 (2.6)

18.0

n.s.

17.4 (2.6)

18.0

n.s.

17.8 (2.6)

18.0

n.s.

1.28

n.s.

0.15