α₁

Locating information

Locate similar information in the text based on requirements or features specified in the item; examinees have to identify essential elements of an item and then to search for a match that may be literal or synonymous.

α₂

Forming a broad general understanding

Consider the text as a whole or in a broad perspective. Items include identifying the main topic, the general purpose, or use of the text, distinguishing between key ideas and minor details, or recognizing the summary of the main theme in a sentence or title.

α₃

Developing a logical interpretation

Develop a logical understanding of what the examinees have read. Items include comparing and contrasting information, drawing inferences, or listing supporting evidence.

α₄

Evaluating a number-rich text with number sense

Connect information in a number-rich text to number sense

α₅

Evaluating the quality or appropriateness of a text

Items include determining the utility of a text for a specified purpose, evaluating an author’s use of textual features for specific goal, describing or commenting on author’s use of style, and identifying the author’s purpose and attitude.