Variable | Indicator | Gender | Class | Class leader or not | Learning punishment or not | GPA |
Class participation | Attendance rate | 0.273 | −0.527 | 0.502 | −1.710 | 0.420 |
Number of questions answered | −0.349 | −0.190 | 0.797 | −2.243* | 2.430* | |
Number of group discussions participated | 0.369 | −0.491 | 0.557 | −1.375 | 1.636 | |
Number of issues proposed | −1.177 | 0.570 | 0.418 | −2.281* | 2.435* | |
Number of comments | −0.559 | 0.616 | 0.177 | −1.063 | 1.588 | |
Course materials viewing rate | 0.482 | −0.504 | 0.034 | −2.194* | 2.512* | |
learning outcomes | Knowledge acquisition | 0.567 | −0.622 | 0.162 | −2.298* | 2.321* |
Ability improvement | −1.215 | 0.809 | 1.603 | −2.175* | 2.192* | |
Quality enhancement | 1.741 | −0.217 | 0.760 | −2.085* | 2.145* | |
Integrative achievement | 0.693 | 0.131 | 1.105 | −2.164* | 2.342* |