Countermeasure methods

Advantages

Disadvantages

Secure protocols and standards

Flexibility.

Simple to manage and maintenance.

No high secure protocols in smart grid.

Limited frequency of communication.

Cryptographic and

authentication

Cryptographic algorithms benefits.

Confidentiality is recommended.

Implementation complexity.

Not always efficient.

Intrusion prevention

Privacy protection.

Prevent abnormal network activities.

Needs to implement with other countermeasure techniques to be able to prevent attacks.

Spread spectrum

techniques

High level of protection.

Complicated implementations.

Inefficient bandwidth.

Game theory-based

Optimal solution.

High rates of data.

Mobile users are necessary.

Education

Simple.

Provide enough knowledge to users and employees.

Not enough to protect and prevent the network against attacks.

Access control and cyber-security policies

High scalability.

Simple to understand.

Not ensure protection against attacks.

Suitable for small-scale networks.