Variable

Semen analysis

p-value

Baseline (Pre-operation)

180 days of follow-up

Complete Liquefaction

Observed group (Control)

46/63 (73.0%)

40/63 (63.5%)

NS

Surgery group

48/75 (64.0%%)

61/75 (81.3%)

NS

p-value

0.7694

0.08326

pH

Observed group

7.868 ± 0.2540

7.874 ± 0.2469

0.8808

Surgery group

7.815 ± 0.2070

7.793 ± 0.2286

0.7183

p-value

0.4353

0.8737

Volume/mL

Observed group

3.079 ± 0.8377

3.211 ± 0.7133

0.4808

Surgery group

3.500 ± 0.8880

4.296 ± 0.6830

0.0008

p-value

0.1123

<0.0001

Total sperm count (×10⁶/ejaculate)

Observed group

11.58 ± 2.406

10.11 ± 3.198

0.1298

Surgery group

11.15 ± 1.330

145.2 ± 20.09

<0.0001

p-value

0.6020

<0.0001

Sperm concentration (Million/mL)

Observed group

5.011 ± 3.407

4.167 ± 2.682

0.0068

Surgery group

5.474 ± 3.034

34.50 ± 15.39

<0.0001

p-value

0.7607

<0.0001

Motility (AFLP) (%)

Observed group

10.53 ± 7.975

8.421 ± 6.021

0.0281

Surgery group

9.741 ± 6.627

45.00 ± 6.934

<0.0001

p-value

0.0433

<0.0001

Motility (Sluggish) (%)

Observed group

8.947 ± 4.882

8.684 ± 5.735

0.8041

Surgery group

10.74 ± 7.031

19.81 ± 7.000

<0.0001

p-value

0.3425

<0.0001

Motility (Immotile sperm) (%)

Observed group

70.00 ± 25.87

72.37 ± 26.74

0.0952

Surgery group

73.52 ± 11.99

35.19 ± 8.490

<0.0001

p-value

0.5383

<0.0001

Viability (% of total)

Observed group

19.47 ± 10.39

17.11 ± 10.04

0.0952

Surgery group

16.48 ± 11.99

64.81 ± 8.490

<0.0001

p-value

0.0455

<0.0001

Kruger (Normal morphology) (% of total)

Observed group

31.05 ± 14.20

27.11 ± 11.82

0.0015

Surgery group

27.78 ± 14.70

59.81 ± 8.143

<0.0001

p-value

0.4546

<0.0001

Pus cells/HPF

Observed group

7.211 ± 4.674

8.053 ± 3.597

0.373

Surgery group

7.63 ± 2.937

2.296 ± 1.409

<0.0001

p-value

0.7105

<0.0001