Null Hypothesis

Observations

F-statistic

Probability

TSI does not Granger cause GMST

137

0.64

0.53

GMST does not Granger cause TSI

137

3.75

0.03

GCE does not Granger cause GMST

139

12.98

7.E−06

GMST does not Granger cause GCE

139

0.22

0.80

GHP does not Granger cause GMST

139

18.56

8.E−08

GMST does not Granger cause GHP

139

0.45

0.64