Salts

Concentration (×102 mol∙L1)

0.0625

0.125

0.25

0.5

1

2

NaCl

−0.08 a

−0.41 b

−0.25 ab

−0.03 a

−0.43 b

−0.41 b

KCl

−0.15 a

−0.24 a

−0.14 a

−0.14 a

−0.38 a

−0.42 a

FeCl3

−0.76 c

−0.38 ab

−0.62 bc

−0.37 ab

−0.52 bc

−0.13 a

NH4Cl

−0.52 a

−0.70 a

−0.73 a

−0.49 a

−0.51 a

−0.35 a

CsCl

−0.60 a

−0.15 a

−0.39 a

−0.09 a

−0.15 a

−0.54 a

CuCl2

0.2 a

−0.41 b

−0.51 b

−0.15 b

−0.22 b

−0.47 b

CuSO4

0.33 a

0.15 ab

−0.23 c

0.2 ab

−0.07 bc

0.24 ab

Na2SO4

−0.03 a

0.21 a

0.14 a

0.30 a

0.19 a

−0.02 a

MnSO4

0.24 a

−0.02 b

0.24 a

0.37 a

−0.12 b

−0.19 b

(NH4)2SO4∙FeSO4

−0.18 a

0.23 a

0.31 a

−0.23 a

−0.07 a

0.24 a

FeSO4

0.11 a

−0.16 a

−0.11 a

−0.05 a

0.29 a

0.30 a

(NH4)2SO4

0.24 ab

0.48 a

−0.14 cd

−0.003 bc

−0.13 cd

−0.44 d

K2SO4

−0.05 b

−0.16 bc

−0.44 c

−0.10 b

−0.24 bc

0.28 a

NaNO3

−0.25 bc

−0.35 cd

−0.57 d

0.12 a

−0.03 ab

−0.37 cd

KNO3

0.05 a

0.04 a

−0.19 ab

−0.43 b

−0.58 b

−0.49 b

Ba(NO3)2

−0.17 a

−0.28 a

−0.35 a

−0.39 a

−0.33 a

−0.54 a

NH4NO3

−0.24 ab

−0.15 a

−0.5 abc

−0.71 bc

−0.36 ab

−0.86 c

Mn(NO3)2

−0.46 ab

−0.34 a

−0.65 ab

−0.61 ab

−0.63 ab

−0.78 b

(NH4)2HPO4

0.36 ab

0.54 a

0.1 abc

0.27 ab

−0.41 c

−0.14 bc

NaH2PO4∙2H2O

0.17 ab

−0.06 ab

−0.36 b

0.48 a

−0.14 ab

−0.24 ab

NH4H2PO4

−0.28 a

−0.06 a

−0.1 a

0.09 a

−0.45 a

−0.26 a

Na2HPO4∙12H2O

0.14 ab

−0.21 b

0.25 a

0.04 ab

−0.69 c

−0.74 c

KH2PO4

−0.35 a

−0.18 a

−0.15 a

−0.39 a

−0.47 a

−0.17 a

K2HPO4

−0.36 ab

−0.17 a

−0.96 c

−0.36 ab

−0.73 bc

−0.61 abc

CaCO3

0.53 a

0.17 ab

0.03 b

−0.07 b

−0.18 b

−0.28 b

NaHCO3

0.11 a

−0.2 ab

−0.53 b

−0.15 a

0.09 a

0.1 a

Na2CO3

−0.13 a

−0.09 a

−0.17 a

−0.1 a

−0.57 b

−0.6 b

NH4HCO3

0.05 a

0.22 a

−0.27 a

−0.34 a

−0.35 a

−1.09 b

(NH4)2CO3

−0.31 a

−0.27 a

−0.38 a

−0.64 ab

−0.56 ab

−0.87 b

KHCO3

−0.54 a

−0.4 a

−0.54 a

−0.47 a

−0.68 a

−0.47 a

K2CO3

−0.21 a

−0.61 a

−0.67 a

−0.69 a

−0.64 a

−0.63 a

CH3COONa

−0.44 c

0.53 a

−0.04 b

0.1 b

0.22 ab

−0.03 b

CH3COONH4

0.33 a

−0.17 b

−0.13 b

−0.26 b

−0.15 b

−0.35 b

CH3COOH

−0.15 a

−0.01 a

−0.19 a

−0.33 ab

−0.33 ab

−0.69 b

CH3COOK

0.32 a

−0.15 b

−0.31 b

−0.59 bc

−0.45 bc

−0.86 c

NH4SCN

−0.16 a

−0.57 ab

−0.44 ab

−0.74 b

−0.66 ab

−0.58 ab

NaSCN

−0.62 ab

−0.33 a

−0.35 a

−0.76 b

−0.6 ab

−0.75 b