| NOTIONS AND BASIC OPTIONS OF NATURAL SSCIENCES | |||||
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| Origin of basic scientific notions | The option between AO and PO | The option between AI and PI | ||
| The attitude of TRADITIONAL PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE | From both measurement processes and Greek geometry | Ignored. AO only, as an unavoidable aspect of science | Ignored. AI only; the hard core of modem science | ||
| The attitude of DOMINANT THEORIES | From Greek philosophers’ idealizations (Sohn Rethel) | Ignored. AO only (few principles and deductive method) {Beth) | Ignored. AI only (nonstandard analysis and limit calculus) {Koyré) | ||
| The attitude of ALTERNATIVE SCIENTIFIC THEORIES | By idealisations | PO: organisation based on a problem {L. Carnot) | PI: constructive mathematics {Brouwer, Bishop)) | ||
| The attitude of MARX’ THEORY | By idealisations; say, labour-power | Ignored. PO as a social movement aimed to solve an universal problem {Bogdanov) | Ignored. PI: the progress of substantiating an universal justice | ||
| BASIC SOCIAL PROCESSES IN WESTERN SOCIETY | Processes occurred when passing from production society to appropriation society (Sohn-Rethel) | Centralized State as an authoritarian organisation | Capitalism as an unlimited process of accumulation | ||
| • | Introduction of institutions in a society | Society organisation: either authoritarian AO, or self-reliant PO | Development: either unbounded AI or for justice PI | ||
| NOTIONS AND BASIC OPTIONS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES | |||||