Author

D & B

score

n =

Mean

age

H & Y

UPDRS

Medication on/off times

Dementia

ratings

Results

Allcock et al. (2006)

13/27

N= 175

OH+

n = 87

(63M, 24F)

OH−

n = 88

(46M, 42F)

OH+ 72.4 ± 7.5

OH− 69.2 ± 8.4

Not

reported

Section III:

Total mean 17.75

OH+ mean

18.5 ± 9.0

OH− mean

17.0 ± 12.0

OFF medication after midnight on assessment day

Excluded PD pts with frank dementia according to

DSM-IV

-OH worse scores on sustained attention (digit vigilence test, p = 0.008); differences persisted when persons with MMSE < 24 were removed (results not reported)

-OH worse scores on visual memory (test of picture recognition, p = 0.027)

Key points:

-Persons with PD and OH demonstrate deficits in visual memory and attention

-Identifies OH as a prognostic indicator for cognitive deficit & recommends early neuropsychological assessment

Idiaquez et al. (2007)

13/27

N = 70

PD

n = 40 (26M, 14F)

Control

n = 30 (18M, 12F)

PD

69 ± 8.2

Control

69.0 ± 6.9

Mean

2.8 ± 1

Section III:

27.2 ± 11.6

OFF

12 hrs prior to assessment

11/40 (27.5%) with dementia according to DSM-IV

-No significant differences between presence of OH or postprandial hypotension (PPH) & ANY of the cognitive or behavioral scores used in persons with PD or PDD

Key points:

-Persons with PD and dementia report higher incidence of cardiovascular issues

-Increased motor symptom severity and older age at PD onset related to severity of cognitive impairment

-Cannot completely rule out OH as a reason for cerebral hypoperfusion resulting in dementia

Jones et al. (2014)

14/27

n = 341 (235M, 106F)

64.7 ± 10

Not reported

Section III:

26.3 ± 10

ON

Excluded persons with dementia according to Dementia Rating Scale-II < 5th percentile (n = 65)

-All persons with PD performed lowest on tests of processing speed, executive function & delayed verbal memory

-PD + HTN = worse executive function (p = 0.041) & delayed verbal memory (p = 0.021) scores

-PD + OH = better executive function scores (p = 0.019)

Key points:

-HTN as a comorbidity in persons with PD exerts its own negative impact on executive function & delayed verbal memory above the deleterious effects of disease progression on cognition

Kim et al. (2012)

14/27

N = 87

No CI n = 25 (14M, 11F)

MCI

n = 48 (16M, 32F)

Dementia n = 14 (5M, 9F)

Mean

67.5 ± 9.2

no CI

63.4 ± 12.0

MCI

70.0 ± 6.8

Dementia

66.2 ± 8.1

Mean 1.7 ± 0.7

Section I - III:

22.4 ± 16.6

Drug naive

14/87 with dementia according to Korean version of

MMSE, Clinical Dementia Rating scale, and the sum of the box of the Clinical Dementia Rating scale

-All persons with supine HTN (SH) had at least some cognitive dysfunction (p < 0.001)

-OH + SH = more severe cognitive impairments than those without OH or SH

Key points:

-All persons with OH + SH had some cognitive dysfunction

-Frontal executive function negatively related to SD of SBP

-Visuospatial memory related to nocturnal BP

-Cognitive impairment related to cerebral perfusion issues like OH and SH

-Use cognitive tests for early detection of PD and for treatment to slow cognitive decline in persons with PD