Angle

Authors (year)

n

Mean (degrees)

SD (degrees)

Method of Measurement

FAA

Høiseth et al. (1989)

33

11.4

3.5

CT

Miller et al. (1993)

24

11.4

-

CT

Schneider et al. (1997)

98

10.4

6.2

MR

Kuo et al. (2003)

10

12.4

3.8

CT

Current study (2010)

50

11.86 (total)

10.75 (M)

12.69 (F)

8.25 (total)

CT

PCA

Nagamine et al. (1998)

40

5.8

2.7

CT

Matsuda et al. (1998)

30

6.03

3.6

MR

Griffin et al. (2000)

104

3.11 (total)

2.75 (M)

3.33 (F)

1.75 (total)

1.61 (M)

1.82 (F)

MR

Current study (2010)

50

4.69 (total)

4.86 (M)

4.56 (F)

2.36 (total)

CT

ICA

Lustig et al. (2008)

3.1

2.1

CT

Current study (2010)

50

4.55 (total)

3.81 (M)

5.1 (F)

2.07 (total)

CT