Angle | Authors (year) | n | Mean (degrees) | SD (degrees) | Method of Measurement |
FAA | Høiseth et al. (1989) | 33 | 11.4 | 3.5 | CT |
Miller et al. (1993) | 24 | 11.4 | - | CT | |
Schneider et al. (1997) | 98 | 10.4 | 6.2 | MR | |
Kuo et al. (2003) | 10 | 12.4 | 3.8 | CT | |
Current study (2010) | 50 | 11.86 (total) 10.75 (M) 12.69 (F) | 8.25 (total) | CT | |
PCA | Nagamine et al. (1998) | 40 | 5.8 | 2.7 | CT |
Matsuda et al. (1998) | 30 | 6.03 | 3.6 | MR | |
Griffin et al. (2000) | 104 | 3.11 (total) 2.75 (M) 3.33 (F) | 1.75 (total) 1.61 (M) 1.82 (F) | MR | |
Current study (2010) | 50 | 4.69 (total) 4.86 (M) 4.56 (F) | 2.36 (total) | CT | |
ICA | Lustig et al. (2008) |
| 3.1 | 2.1 | CT |
| Current study (2010) | 50 | 4.55 (total) 3.81 (M) 5.1 (F) | 2.07 (total) | CT |