Meteorological factors

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Temperature (˚C)

−7.7 ± 0.4

−1.6 ± 0.2

7.58 ± 0.4

15.7 ± 1.3

21.19 ± 1.8

25.33 ± 2.4

27.03 ± 2.2

25.58 ± 1.8

20.0 ± 1.5

11.5 ± 0.9

2.34 ± 0.3

−5.52 ± 0.4

Precipitation (mm)

1.51 ± 0.2

1.8 ± 0.2

1.86 ± 0.2

2.56 ± 0.6

4.98 ± 0.8

7.25 ± 0.7

7.83 ± 0.6

5.58 ± 0.3

2.91 ± 0.3

1.81 ± 0.1

1.22 ± 0.2

1.22 ± 0.1

Wind speed (m/s)

5.3 ± 0.3

4.4 ± 0.4

10.7 ± 1.1

14.8 ± 1.4

12.6 ± 1.4

6.2 ± 1.4

4.1 ± 1.1

4.7 ± 0.4

5.2 ± 0.5

4.2 ± 0.5

6.3 ± 1.0

7.8 ± 0.5

Dust storm frequency (times)

0.7 ± 0.3

5.7 ± 0.4

17.8 ± 1.3

23.9 ± 2.6

12.9 ± 1.1

6.7 ± 0.4

5.3 ± 0.3

4.7 ± 0.2

2.6 ± 0.2

2.5 ± 0.1

0.8 ± 0.3

0.5 ± 0.2