Function

Solutions adopted in scientific community

To ease communication

Use of best media available, simplicity

To reduce false or irrelevant data

Punishment for false data, free speech, right to contradictory, transparency, redundant supervision, relevance filtering

To mitigate loss of data

Responsibilities, protocols, use of best media available

To ease credit attribution

Definition of metrics, automation of citation count, recognition is immediate after verification

To reduce unreal credit attribution

Credit subjected to earlier realization, redundant and independent evaluation

To reduce credit loss

Plagiarism interdiction, decision maker limitation, redundant supervision