Source

Focused

Question

Literature Search

Ethical Argument

Conclusion

Overall

Score

Position Taken

Edwin, 2009

1

0

1

1

3.0

Paternalism is common in medical practice

Castellano, 2004

1

0

1

1

3.0

Traditional societies need their own ethical tools for research and public health

Moulton and King, (2010)

1

0

1

1

3.0

Informed consent is cardinal to physician-patient confidentiality

Francis, (2010)

1/2

0

0

1

1.5

Interoperability inherently allows oversight of patient records

Rothstein, (2010)

0

0

0

1

1.0

Hippocratic Oath is 2500 years old and perhaps irrelevant.

Sivalingam, 2011

1

0

1

1

3.0

Autonomy is family owned in Asian traditional communities

Braddock et al., 1999

1/2

0

1/2

1

2.0

Patient’s autonomy ignores physician rights

Beauchamp & Childress, 2001

Holland, 2010

1

0

1

1/2

2.5

Paternalism occurs but not common feature of western industrial medical regimes and should be frowned upon

Szasz & Hollender, 1956

1

0

1

1

3.0

Informed consent is imperative to good medical practice

Sen (1992) and Nussbaum (1993)

1/2

0

1

1

2.5

Capacity is the sine qua non of autonomy

O’Neill, (2002)

0

0

1

1

2.0

EHIT affects trust which potentially could lead to needless laboratory tests and treatment

Tassano, (1995)

0

0

1/2

1

1.5

Exploitation of electronic health records for evidence-based medicine

Gillion, (1985)

1

0

1

1

3.0

Individual liberty is as important as public health and community’s interests

Edelstein (1943)

1/2

0

1/2

1

2.0

Patients, irrespective of development in technology, have a right to privacy

Freedman and Weed, (2003)

0

0

1/2

1

1.5

Data mining should be improved to limit abuses on autonomy and privacy

Gostin and Hodge, (1999)

1

0

1/2

1

2.5

Data mining should be improved to limit abuses on autonomy and privacy

Emmanuel and Emmanuel, (1992)

1

0

1/2

1

2.5

Patient Electronic Health Records is not the property of the physician or the hospital, hence autonomy with participation of physician

Vaah v. Lister, 2010

0

0

1/2

1

2.5

Patient autonomy extends to medical records

Emmet v. Eastern, 1967

0

0

1/2

1

1.5

Patients have right of access to their records

Norman et al., 2010

0

0

1/2

1

1.5

Electronic records cannot erode patient’s confidentiality