Factor

Nursing Student

National Norm

T Value

P Value

Tenacity

2.42 ± 0.09

32.04 ± 5.34

−66.320

<0.001

Optimism

2.40 ± 0.06

8.05 ± 3.01

−22.450

<0.001

Strength

2.68 ± 0.07

21.34 ± 6.28

−35.514

<0.001

Total average score

8.6 ± 2.67

1.44 ± 0.43

89.591

<0.001

Total score

61.43 ± 17.95

129.96 ± 38.76

−20.909

<0.001