Agricultural Waste Type | Lignin Content % | Hemicellulose (Xylan) Content % | Cellulose Content % | Ash Content % | Biochar Yield % | Fixed Carbon % | Reference |
Red oak | 19.58 | 20.45 | 30.02 | 2.24 ± 0.04 | Cellulose char 4.45%, xylan char 1.89%, lignin char 41.43% | 20.55 ± 0.13 | [50] |
Empty fruit bunch | 24 | 43 | 26 | na | Hemicellulose char (20 wt%), lignin char 60%, cellulose char 7 wt% | na | [46] |
Sawdust | 28.9 | 29.3 | 41.8 | 0.6 | 13.8% | na | [51] |
Willow | 19.6 | na | na | 1.3 | 20.9 | na | [52] |
Switch grass | 8.6 | na | na | 4.3 | 24.7 | na | [52] |
Straw | 7.5 | na | na | 6.3 | 29.9 | na | [52] |
Reed canary grass | 9.3 | na | na | 5.1 | 24.4 | na | [52] |
Rice husk | 24.4 | 28.6 | 28.6 | 17.9 | ~30 | 9.3 | [47] |
Rice straw | 22.3 | 35.7 | 32.0 | 10.1 | ~22 | 15.2 | [47] |
Corncob | 15.0 | 31.0 | 50.5 | 0.9 | ~10 | 16.2 | [47] |