System

E_p ~ v

(V)

E_p ~ lgv

α

k_s(s⁻¹)

Bare GCE/MM

E_p = −1.0662v − 0.5237

R² = 0.9504

−0.52

E_p = 0.1032lgv − 0.7222

R² = 0.986

0.28

0.26

Bare GCE/

MM-DNA

E_p = −0.8309v − 0.6627

R² = 0.9793

−0.66

E_p = −0.1244lgv − 0.8668

R² = 0.9641

0.24

0.28

COOH-NMPs/MM

E_p = −0.4337v − 0.5284

R² = 0.9735

−0.53

E_p = −0.0397lgv − 0.6073

R² = 0.98241

0.27

0.27

DNA-COOH

-NMPs/MM

E_p = −0.4503v − 0.5288

R² = 0.9816

−0.53

E_p = −0.0410lgv − 0.6103

R² = 0.9790

0.29

0.28