Impacts of COVID-19 (scale of measurement = 0 - 5, n = 245) | Mean | Standard deviation |
High cost of materials | 3.72 | 1.13 |
Disruptions in cash flow | 3.61 | 1.28 |
Delays in payment | 3.60 | 1.27 |
Challenges in accessing credit facilities | 3.55 | 1.30 |
Increased project cost | 3.53 | 1.19 |
Increased rates of taxation | 3.47 | 1.28 |
Disruption of transport systems | 3.40 | 1.22 |
Increased exchange rates | 3.36 | 1.29 |
Increased overhead cost | 3.35 | 1.22 |
Delays in the acquisition of approval/permits | 3.18 | 1.31 |
Unavailability of outsourced labour | 3.09 | 1.24 |
Delays in delivery | 3.08 | 1.21 |
Shortage of materials | 3.07 | 1.32 |
Increased time in acquisition/delivery of materials | 3.00 | 1.25 |
High absenteeism of labour | 2.97 | 1.29 |
Unavailability of supplies | 2.96 | 1.33 |
Increased project claims | 2.95 | 1.31 |
Cancellation of supplies | 2.88 | 1.31 |
Unavailability of labour | 2.79 | 1.25 |
Lack of access to equipment | 2.69 | 1.27 |
Disruption of recruitment processes | 2.65 | 1.38 |
Labour strikes | 2.54 | 1.3 |
Interference by the labour union | 2.49 | 1.23 |