Impacts of COVID-19

(scale of measurement = 0 - 5, n = 245)

Mean

Standard deviation

High cost of materials

3.72

1.13

Disruptions in cash flow

3.61

1.28

Delays in payment

3.60

1.27

Challenges in accessing credit facilities

3.55

1.30

Increased project cost

3.53

1.19

Increased rates of taxation

3.47

1.28

Disruption of transport systems

3.40

1.22

Increased exchange rates

3.36

1.29

Increased overhead cost

3.35

1.22

Delays in the acquisition of approval/permits

3.18

1.31

Unavailability of outsourced labour

3.09

1.24

Delays in delivery

3.08

1.21

Shortage of materials

3.07

1.32

Increased time in acquisition/delivery of materials

3.00

1.25

High absenteeism of labour

2.97

1.29

Unavailability of supplies

2.96

1.33

Increased project claims

2.95

1.31

Cancellation of supplies

2.88

1.31

Unavailability of labour

2.79

1.25

Lack of access to equipment

2.69

1.27

Disruption of recruitment processes

2.65

1.38

Labour strikes

2.54

1.3

Interference by the labour union

2.49

1.23