Cluster type

Cluster characteristics

Working cluster

A critical mass of local knowledge, personnel, and resources create agglomeration economies that are used by firms to their advantage in competing with those outside the cluster. Often attract resources from other locations

Latent cluster

Clusters with a high number of firms but with a low level of interaction due to the lack of trust and knowledge, low cooperation, and high transaction costs

Potential cluster

Some elements for the development of successful clusters are already in place but need to be deepened and broadened.

Policy driven cluster/Wishful thinking cluster

Chosen by government to support but which lack a critical mass of firms or favourable conditions for organic development; Sometimes more “wishful thinking” than real cluster opportunities