Study | Type of patients | Sample size | Setting | Type of device | Method for reference standard | Respiratory pattern | Index formula | reference standard | volume expansion |
Barbier et al. 2004 [12] | adults | 20 | ICU | Philips | Echocardiography | Mechanical ventilation (TV = 8.5 ± 1.5 mL/kg; PEEP = 4 ± 2 cm H2O) | (IVCmax − IVCmin)/IVCmin | CI > 15% | 7 ml/kg plasma |
Feissel et al. 2004 [13] | adults | 39 | ICU | Not mention | Echocardiography | Mechanical ventilation (TV = 8 - 10 mL/kg) | (IVCmax − IVCmin)/[(IVCmax + IVCmin)/2] | CO > 15% | 8 ml/kg 6% hydroxyethlstarch |
Moretti and Pizzi 2010 [14] | adults | 29 | ICU | Esaote MyLab 30 CV | Transpulmonary, thermodilution | Mechanical ventilation (TV = 8 mL/kg; PEEP = 0 cm H2O) | (IVCmax − IVCmin)/IVCmin | CI > 15% | 7 ml/kg 6% hydroxyethlstarch |
Deok et al. 2010 [15] | children | 21 | Pediatrics | Acuson Cypress Diagnostic Ultrasound System | Echocardiography | Mechanical ventilation (TV = 10 mL/kg; PEEP = 0 cm H2O) | (IVCmax − IVCmin)/[(IVCmax + IVCmin)/2] | SV > 15% | 10 ml/kg 6% hydroxyethlstarch |
Machare-Delgado 2011 [16] | adults | 25 | ICU | M-turbo, Sonosite, Bothell | Echocardiography | Mechanical ventilation (TV = 8.6 mL/kg) | (IVCmax − IVCmin)/IVCmin | SVI > 10% | 500 ml saline |
Corl et al. 2012 [17] | adults | 26 | ED | M-turbo, Sonosite, Bothell | ICG | Spontaneously breathing | (IVCmax − IVCmin)/IVCmax | CI > 10% | passive leg raise |
Muller et al. 2012 [18] | adults | 40 | ICU | Vivid S6 machine, GE | Echocardiography | Spontaneously breathing | (IVCmax − IVCmin)/IVCmax | VTI > 15% | 500 ml 6% hydroxyethlstarch |
Brun et al. 2013 [19] | adults | 23 | Anesthesiology and obstetrics | Philips | Echocardiography | spontaneously breathing | (IVCmax − IVCmin)/[(IVCmax + IVCmin)/2] | SVI > 15% | 500 ml normal saline |