Indicator category	Indicators	Functions	Field/Lab
Physical indicator	Bulk density	Soil compaction Limitations to root growth Movement of water within the soil profile	Lab
Physical indicator	Texture	Movement of water within the soil profile Retention and mobility of water and nutrients Habitat for macro and micro fauna Water holding capacity, rate of water and air movement	Lab
Chemical indicator	pH	Influence the activities of soil bacteria, Influence the mobility and availability of nutrient, toxic elements, and soil structure	Field/Lab
	Electrical conductivity	It measures the soil salinity Affect the productivity Availability nutrients for plant uptake Influence the soil microorganism activity Influence several soil physical and chemical properties like availability of nutrients, soil texture, cation exchange capacity, etc.	Field/Lab
	Available Nitrogen	Productivity and plant growth	Lab
	Available Phosphorus	Productivity and plant growth	Lab
	Available Potassium	Productivity and plant growth	Lab
	Heavy metals (As, Cr, Co, Cu, Hg, Pb)	Ecological health risk	Lab
Biological indicator	Organic matter	Soil structure Nutrient retention Carbon sequestration Microbial population	Lab
Biological indicator	Organic carbon	Carbon sequestration	Lab
Visual indicator	Snail on the forest floor and tree trunk	Habitat quality	Field
	Crab burrow density	Soil aeration condition Crab mount facilities natural regeneration Consumption and mechanical breakdown of the mangrove litter that accelerate the decomposition of litter Enhance microbial decomposition of litter that support nutrient cycling and adding of organic matter to the mangrove soil and supply of detritus to the aquatic ecosystem	Field
	Natural drainage ways after any event	Indication of changing the surface hydrology	Field
	Burial and exposing of pneumatophores	Evidence of sediment accretion and erosion	Field
	Occurrence and coverages of weed species (Tiger fern)	Less tidal inundation due to sediment accretion	Field
	Occurrence of oil of the forest floor	Oil pollution cause rapid destruction of the habitats of soil microorganism and organisms living among the roots and branches of mangroves.	Field
	Collection of plastic material on the forest floor	Indicator of urban pollution. The micro-plastic from the degradation of the plastic compound may carry disease-causing organisms and act as a vector for diseases. Micro-plastics can also interact with soil fauna, affecting their health and soil functions.	Field
	Leaf litter on forest floor	High amount of organic matter Less tidal inundation	Field