Flame length (m)

NMSE (%)

FB (-)

Wind speed

(m・s⁻¹)

1.92

2.83

3.56

2.5

1.03

1.89

3.11

2.67

Rate of spread

(cm・s⁻¹)

32

80

89

52

4

52

78

55

Observed

4

6

7

5

1.4

6.5

5

5

Physical model

4.52

5.27

6.65

4.84

3.94

3.99

6.27

5.63

7.66

0.09

Burrows (Burrows, 1994)

17.55

59.03

45.32

19.23

3.78

26.40

40.38

33.34

582.9

1.33

Butler et al. (Butler et al., 2004)

8.22

23.52

18.70

8.90

2.17

11.71

16.92

14.33

140.9

0.80

Byram (Byram, 1959)

5.4

11.15

9.52

5.70

2.15

6.89

8.88

7.92

20.7

0.35

Catchpole et al. (Catchpole et al., 1998)

5.67

13.69

11.30

6.06

1.86

7.63

10.39

9.04

39.26

0.43

Clark (Clark, 1983)

6.69

31.90

22.70

7.53

0.92

11.32

19.57

15.29

220.1

0.70