Risk factors for esophageal cancer | Red flags | |
・ Alcohol intake synergistic with smoking | ・ Dysphagia | |
・ High intake of very hot beverages | ・ Weight loss | |
・ Low intake of fresh fruit and vegetables | ・ Family history cancer | |
・ Vitamin C and E deficiency | ・ Male sex | |
・ Lower socioeconomic status | ・ Age older than 50 years | |
・ Palmar hyperkeratosis | ||
・ Family history of oesophageal cancer | ||
・ Obesity | ||
Protective factors: | -The presence of Helicobacter pylori -Long-term NSAIDs* use | |